Fluid–rock interactions and its implications on EOR: Critical analysis, experimental techniques and knowledge gaps

Characterization of fluid–rock interactions is essential for a broad range subsurface applications such as understanding fluid flow in porous medium and enhanced oil recovery predictions. Enhanced (EOR) crucial gas production operations, it entails injecting fluids into the reservoir to enhance productivity. When are injected, occur between injected rock/fluids; outcomes critically impact associated recovery. Furthermore, changes properties (porosity, permeability etc.) behavior (i.e. wettability alteration relative changes) demonstrate variability at scales. Thus, great importance understand these multiple scales their ensuing implications on EOR. This study therefore provides comprehensive review types both carbonate sandstone reservoirs. Fluid–rock quantification methods, applicability principle measurements were summarized. The fluid–rock​ extensively discussed. Finally, we identified highlighted some research gaps provided recommendations future directions. findings this show that despite numerous studies adsorption, dissolution/precipitation, clay swelling/fines migration wetting characteristics media involving EOR fluids, exact mechanism action during rock/oil/brine system, still not fully understood. extent depends several factors/parameters. Such factors include type chemical composition, rock mineralogical brine pH, salinity composition. Moreover, shows all techniques have limitations either applicability, measurement range, or uncertainty level. Therefore, incorporation various imaging characterization tools would be required improved interactions. review, therefore, critical insights area its expected our knowledge provide better thereby reduce uncertainties with laboratory-scale predictions, management oil.